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History of St. Denys

As someone who has only recently moved to the area, I have been fascinated to hear stories regarding the history of St. Denys. I have heard about the dominance of the Priory in a bygone age; a massive plant nursery existing near Kent Road; a 2m long shark being caught in the Itchen and hung outside Dyer Brothers Boatyard; and much more.

If you have any stories, photos, old maps, or anything else relevant to add to the site please do contact us.

Dyer Bros Boatyard

The Story So Far

Where did the St. Denys name come from?

The St. Denys suburb name originates from that of the priory which was named after an important Catholic Saint. However, there is often cofusion as to which of the three St. Denys' the name relates. In fact, the Saints are often mistakenly merged into one!

A brief overview of the 2 Saints follows:

Pope St Dionysius held the highest Catholic office between 259 and 268 AD at a time when Emperor Valerian was fighting the Persians. The Emperor's distractions meant that for the first time in decades, Rome was able to practice religious freedom. He died in December 268 and his feast is celebrated on 26th December. St Dionysius is not to be confused with Dionysius of Alexandria, a Greek bishop and scholar of pagan and Christian learning who died on 17th November 265. Neither of the Saints were the true benefactors of the St. Denys name.

St Dionysius

St Denis

The true provider of the St. Denys area's name, St Denis was born in Italy and eventually rose to become Bishop of Paris. At a time when the Church of Gaul had been persecuted terribly by Emperor Decius, St. Denis was able to galvanise the local faith and helped it to flourish. His countless conversions and new methods of teaching incurred the wrath of the local pagans and after many tortures, Denis was eventually beheaded in December AD 258. He is often depicted now carrying his own head and is the patron Saint of Paris. St Denis' memorial day - which has been celebrated with a feast for over 1200 years - is 9th October. Perhaps this is a day for St. Denys residents to celebrate?!

After his execution in the area of Paris known as Montmartre (the Mount of Martyrs), St. Denis' remains were buried in the north of Paris in a area now occupied by Saint-Denis Cathedral. After St. Denis' burial a basillica was built around his grave and from this, a monastry and abbey developed around the site. In the 12th Century, monks from the monastry travelled over to the area of Southampton we now know as St. Denys to establish the Priory. They also established a settlement in the Chilworth area, which is why there is now a St. Denys Church there as well.

It is perhaps also interesting to note that the Greek God Dionysus (son of Zeus) was the God of wine, vegetation and fertility.


St Denys Priory

The Remaining Arch of St. Denys Priory

The Augustinian Priory was founded during the reign of King Henry I around 1124 and became very wealthy when presented with the forested area of Portswood by Richard I in 1189. By 1536, the Priory had been dissolved and was in a terrible state having lost the majority of its wealth.

St Denys is now very much part of city life and is densely poulated and full of houses. It is hard to believe that 900 years ago, the area was simply the grazing ground of the cattle belonging to the Priory monks!

All that remains of the Priory now is an arch to be found in the gardens of two houses on Priory Avenue, although the authenticity of this has been questioned. There is also another arch which has relocated to the Tudor House museum in Southampton.


A Brief History of St. Denys

Human activity along the Itchen shoreline can be traced back over 10,000 years with Roman and Medieval settlements. A line of posts located in the inter-tidal zone of the river between Bitterne Manor and St.Deny's indicate a Roman settlement was once present in the area. Other Roman archaeology has been found in the St. Denys area and dates back more than 1500 years to the period 100-500 AD. In fact, Southampton City Council commissioned a radiocarbon date of an oak post to AD 15-319. Further analysis of the posts has identified the site as a possible Roman riverfront development with a jetty. There is also possible evidence of a Roman river-crossing from St. Denys to Clausentum on the east of the river.

From the 1850's Southampton's position as an important home to many ocean liners provided lots of employment for the city. St. Denys became an area full of laundries to service the liners.

In 1865, the wonderfully Victorian building of St. Denys station was built. At that time, the Station Master and his wife would live in the building too.

St. Denys Station

In 1866, the iron railway bridge over the River Itchen opened to provide a link from the centre of Southampton to Netley Hospital.

The pub currently known as The Junction Inn was apparently opened as the "Wareham Arms" in the 1860's.

St. Denys Church was built in 1867, initially with just the Nave and North Aisle. The South Aisle was added 21 years later.

St. Denys Church

The Bridge Inn on Priory Road is shown in existence on records before 1871, and by 1878, the South Western Arms next to the station had opened.

With a station, pubs and church already in place, St. Denys community really started to take shape in 1881 with the addition of St. Denys Board School (now St. Denys Primary School). The foundation stone can still be seen on the building today.

St. Denys Primary School

In 1883, St.Denys appeared in Southampton's Street Directory for the first time with the mention of Dukes Road.

Cobden Free Bridge was opened on 27th June 1883 and was named after Richard Cobden, a farmer from Sussex who advocated the concept of free trade through the abolishment of corn laws that artificially inflated the price of bread. In the 1880's, the bridge played host to massive fights between youths from either side of the river - up to 400 at a time! The bridge was free to cross and presented a serious threat to Northam Toll Bridge.

Cobden Bridge

In May 1889, Canon Hoskins - Vicar of St. Denys - opened St. Denys Rowing Club as a way of keeping local youths occupied. The club flourished and eventually owned a fleet of vessels, playing host to trips as adventurous as the Isle of Wight.

St Denys Rowing & Sailing Club

In November 1904, the St. Denys Hotel (pub) opened.

5th April 1912 - The fateful day of the sinking of the Titanic brought with it the deaths of 8 St. Denys men. More happily, 3 local men also survived the disaster.

The Titanic moored in Southampton
St. Denys Shark

In 1956, a captured shark was photographed outside the Dyer Brothers boatyard and stories of sharks swimming in The Itchen were used to scare local children for years! The likelihood is that the 2m fish was caught in the Solent and then carried up the river by mischievous local residents!

During the Second World War, St. Denys was bombed heavily due to its proximity to the main London train line and the fact that fruit and vegetables were gathered and packaged locally to be sent to troops based nearby from St. Denys train station.

In 1940, a train bound for London crashed just outside of St. Denys Station. 2 bombs had been dropped by a German aircraft and the train was not able to stop in time. The track was damaged but fortunately nobody was hurt, however, the line did remain closed for 4 days which caused untold disruption.

There are a number of houseboats in St. Denys on the River Itchen that are conversions from World War II motor torpedo boats.

St Denys Houseboats

Many thanks to: Brian J. Ticehurst, author of "Sights and Scenes of St. Denys"; and Kelvin Randall, Vicar of St. Denys Church

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